If you want to see a true restructure of the system where checks and balances are made and powers aren't handed to one individual - see below. A three tier system - regardless of a Chief of State being the top tier individual, you still have an individual acting over the military for all it's affairs. There were individual Councils (Which we once had in the Senate) And had specific duties and authority and could not be surpassed by just anyone without obviously - proper story behind it.
Powers
The Senate was the legislative and executive power of the New Republic. It also had limited judicial authority, presumably for high-profile plaintiffs or cases too controversial for the Court of Justice. Such cases included trying Senators for
treason, crimes against civilization and presumably corruption and treason of the Chief of State.
Each senator was limited to introducing one bill per year, with a straight up-down vote required to get the bill out of committee and to the Senate as a whole.
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HoloNet channel 11 was reserved strictly for use by the New Republic Senate.
Composition
The Senate was headed by the Chief of State alongside the
Chair of the Senate. It mainly consisted of representative
assemblymen. Primary members were represented in the Senate by a
governor-delegate, or
Senator. Each Senator has a single vote, regardless of the population represented. Affiliate members were represented on
Coruscant by a
Legate, who could speak in general sessions of the Senate, but not vote on official Senate business (to avoid dual representation) or serve in the Senate's various working bodies. In
19 ABY, there were nearly 1000 senators, with each representing 50-200 worlds.
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As a body with a large and potentially unlimited membership, the Senate-in-whole was an almost impossibly unwieldy structure for getting work done. Consequently, most of the real governance was performed by the Senate's councils, committees, and commissions. The daily business of the Senate proper was primarily speech-making and public debate. When the Senate met as a committee of the whole, it was sometimes referred to as the New Republic Assembly. Councils were appointed bodies with autonomous decision-making and appropriation authority over some segment of government operations outside the Senate proper (for example, the Defense Council, which oversaw the New Republic Defense Force). The most populous and powerful members of the New Republic were disproportionately represented on the Senate's councils. Committees were elected bodies with the authority to administer various aspects of Senate operations, including the general budget. They were semi-autonomous; in the event of a unanimous committee vote, the approval of the Senate-in-whole was not required (however, the Senate-in-whole could override a less-than-unanimous committee decision with a three-to-five majority). Commissions were voluntary bodies with an advisory capacity only. They could prepare reports on issues of concern for presentation to the Chief of State, to the
Minister of State, to the
Supreme Commander, or to the general membership; schedule and conduct hearings; and contract for independent research.
The senior members of the Senate were seated at the lower levels, with the newer and less powerful senators seated in the upper tiers